Wie kann durch berufsbegleitende Weiterbildung die Qualität Sozialer Landwirtschaft verbessert werden? Die Qualität Sozialer Landwirtschaft hängt nicht zuletzt von der beruflichen, menschlichen und interdisziplinären Qualifikation der in ihr arbeitenden Menschen ab. Das Projekt INCLUFAR – Inclusive Farming verbindet Erfahrungen aus der in Schleswig-Holstein etablierten FAMIT-Ausbildung mit dem “Camphill-Verband Nordregion – CNRA “, der im Rahmen des “Baltic Seminar” Lehrprogramme auf der Grundlage eines eigenen Lehrplans anbietet. Ziel ist ein Transfer von Erfahrungen auf die Lehr- und Lerngegebenheiten in europäische Länder, in denen noch weniger Praxis- und Ausbildungserfahrung zur Verfügung steht.
Soziale Landwirtschaft als interdisziplinäres Arbeitsfeld steht angesichts disziplinärer Berufsausbildungen vor großen Herausforderungen. Hier können Erfahrungen von Initiativen hilfreich sein, die bereits seit langem pflegerisch für Menschen mit besonderen Bedürfnissen auf die Arbeit in der Natur zählen. Obwohl positive Wirkungen therapeutischer und pädagogischer Arbeit in der Landwirtschaft schon lange bekannt sind, gibt es einen Mangel an qualifiziertem Personal, welche sowohl im Bereich des Ökologischen Landbaus als auch in der Sozialen Arbeit fachkundig sind. Von der Europäischen Gemeinschaft wurden bereits mehrere Projekte zur Förderung der Sozialen Landwirtschaft und zur Verbesserung der Ausbildungssituation unterstützt. Das SoFar-Projekt (Social Farming) erarbeitete Empfehlungen für die europäische Politik, das DIANA-Projekt Weiterbildungsansätze zur gegenseitigen Förderung von Mitarbeitern und Mitarbeiterinnen sozialer Höfe mit unterschiedlichem Ausbildungshintergrund, und das MAIE-Projekt ein Curriculum zur Weiterbildung von Landwirten auf Berufsschulniveau. INCLUFAR knüpft an diese Erfahrungen durch die Zusammenarbeit von elf Partnern aus neun europäischen Ländern an. So soll ein innovatives Curriculum für die Verbesserung der sozialen und ökologischen Inklusion auf Höfen der Sozialen Landwirtschaft entstehen. Sieben Partner des Konsortiums sind im Ökologischen Landbau tätig und verfolgen das Ziel, die soziale Integration auf ihren Höfen zu verbessern.
Wesentlicher Ausgangspunkt für das Projekt sind die Erfahrungen der Hofgemeinschaft Weide-Hardebek und des dort entwickelten Lehrplans für eine „Fachkraft für Milieubildung und Förderung der Teilhabe“ (FAMIT). Weide-Hardebek versteht sich als sozialer Dienstleister, der auf zwei Bauernhöfen in Norddeutschland angesiedelt ist. Die Arbeit begann hier vor rund 40 Jahren. Heute leben und arbeiten 64 Menschen mit besonderen Bedürfnissen auf den Höfen. Dort sind die Arbeitsfelder Gartenarbeit, Gartenbau, Landschaftspflege, Bäckerei, Verpackung, Zimmerei, Schreinerei, Hauswirtschaft, ein Hof-Café, die gesamte Lebensmittelerzeugung- und teilweise -verarbeitung und die Verwaltung untergebracht. Von Anfang an wurde das Prinzip der Inklusion konsequent umgesetzt. Alle deutschen Behörden sozialer Fürsorge erkennen die soziale Einrichtung Weide-Hardebek an. Ein etabliertes Netzwerk von acht weiteren, kooperierenden Landwirtschaftsbetrieben folgt demselben Ansatz. Aus der praktischen Erfahrung mit Sozialer Landwirtschaft hat sich die Entwicklung und Umsetzung des Ausbildungsprogramms „FAMIT“ ergeben, das Aspekte sozialer Eingliederung und Landwirtschaft in der beruflichen Bildung interdisziplinär zusammenführt.
Der Lehrplan wird sozial engagierten Bauern, Gärtnern, HauswirtschafterInnen, Verwaltungsfachleuten, Künstlern, Handwerkern, Pflegefachkräften und weiteren Menschen des ländlichen Raums dabei helfen, Menschen mit besonderem Betreuungsbedarf in die tägliche Arbeit und das Leben auf dem Hof, der Gärtnerei, der Hauswirtschaft oder öffentlichen Verwaltung zu integrieren. So verbessern sich deren Chancen für persönliche Entwicklung, und die Qualifizierung kann dadurch zur Förderung von Beschäftigungsmöglichkeiten in ländlichen Räumen beitragen.
How can the quality of social farming be improved by training measures? The quality of social farming last not least depends on the qualification of the people involved – on levels of profession, humanity and interdisciplinarity. The project INCLUFAR – Inclusive Farming combines experiences of the FAMIT education established in the North-German federal state Schleswig-Holstein with the Northern Camphill federation CNRS that offers a training within the “Baltic Seminar” based on an own curriculum. The project aims to transfer and to adapt those experiences to other European countries which are lacking of such training experiences in social farming so far.
Social Farming as an interdisciplinary field of work faces lots of challenges due to disciplinary professional training of its professionals. Initiatives that have gained experiences in caring for people with special needs and involving them into work with nature can be helpful. Although the positive impact of therapeutic and pedagogical work on farms has been estimated for long, there is a lack of well-educated experts that have competences both in organic farming as well as in social work. The European Union has supported several projects to support Social Farming and to improve the development of education in this field. The SoFar (Social Farming) project elaborated recommendations for European policies, the DIANA (Disabilty in sustainable Agriculture) focused ob a new approach for training of practitioners with different educational background, and the MAIE project developed a curriculum to train farmers being interested in converting to a social farm. INCLUFAR builds on those experiences by involving eleven partners from nine European countries. The aim is to develop an innovative curriculum that helps to improve the social and ecological inclusion in Social Agriculture. Seven partners are working on Social Farms and aim to improve the social integration on their farms.
An important starting point are the experiences of the living and working community Weide-Hardebek and the FAMIT curriculum that was set up there. “FAMIT” is the abbreviation for “expert in milieu building and participation”. Weide-Hardebek perceives itself as a social service being situated on two farms in Northern Germany. Its work has started 40 years ago. Today 64 people with special needs live and work on the farms. They work in horticulture, gardening, landscaping, bakery, packaging, carpentry, home economics, a farm café and the different areas of food production as well as in the administration office. The aim of inclusion has been essential right from the start. Weide-Hardebek is accepted by all German authorities of social care. Also a network of further eight cooperating farms has been estabilished. The FAMIT curriculum was developed based on their practical experiences with Social Farming. It gathers aspects if social inclusion and organic farming in educational training in an interdisciplinary way.
The curriculum shall support farmers, gardeners, house economists, administrative professionals, artists, craftsmen, orderlies and other professionals in rural areas to include people with special needs into daily work and life on farms, into gardening, house economy or public administration. Therefore their chances to improve personal and professional skills will be supported; furthermore there can be an impact on employment opportunities in rural areas.
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